Ion-doped Brushite Cements for Bone Regeneration

Decades of research in orthopaedics has culminated the quest for formidable yet resorbable biomaterials using bioactive materials. Brushite cements most salient features embrace high biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity, self-setting characteristics, handling, and injectability properties. Such type materials is also effectively applied as drug delivery systems. However, brushite possess limited mechanical strength fast setting times. By means incorporating ions, which are incredibly promising directing cell fate when incorporated within biomaterials, it can yield with superior Therefore, a key to develop fine-tuned regenerative medicine therapeutics. A comprehensive overview current accomplishments ion-doped bone tissue repair regeneration provided herein. The role ionic substitution on physicochemical properties, such structural, time, hydration products, injectability, behaviour ion release discussed. Cell-material interactions, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial activity cements, well its potential use carriers presented. Ion-doped have unbolted new era clinical interest restore defects facilitate healing process, owing outstanding bioresorbability osteoconductive/osteoinductive features. Ion incorporation expands their application by increasing osteogenic neovascularization materials, performance. Recent ions overviewed. Focus was placed biological properties namely structure, behaviour, vivo angiogenesis vascularization. Antibacterial drugs highlighted